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using System;
using System.Threading;

// Thanks to Eric Gunnerson for recommending this be a struct rather
// than a class -- avoids a heap allocation.
// Thanks to Change Gillespie and Jocelyn Coulmance for pointing out
// the bugs that then crept in when I changed it to use struct...
// Thanks to John Sands for providing the necessary incentive to make
// me invent a way of using a struct in both release and debug builds
// without losing the debug leak tracking.
public struct TimedLock : IDisposable
{
    public static TimedLock Lock (object o)
    {
        return Lock (o, TimeSpan.FromSeconds (10));
    }

    public static TimedLock Lock (object o, TimeSpan timeout)
    {
        TimedLock tl = new TimedLock (o);
        if (!Monitor.TryEnter (o, timeout))
        {
#if DEBUG
            System.GC.SuppressFinalize(tl.leakDetector);
#endif
            throw new LockTimeoutException ();
        }
        return tl;
    }

    private TimedLock (object o)
    {
        target = o;
#if DEBUG
        leakDetector = new Sentinel();
#endif
    }

    private object target;

    public void Dispose ()
    {
        Monitor.Exit (target);
        // It's a bad error if someone forgets to call Dispose,
        // so in Debug builds, we put a finalizer in to detect
        // the error. If Dispose is called, we suppress the
        // finalizer.
#if DEBUG
        GC.SuppressFinalize(leakDetector);
#endif
    }

#if DEBUG
    // (In Debug mode, we make it a class so that we can add a finalizer
    // in order to detect when the object is not freed.)
    private class Sentinel
    {
        ~Sentinel()
        {
            // If this finalizer runs, someone somewhere failed to
            // call Dispose, which means we've failed to leave
            // a monitor!
            System.Diagnostics.Debug.Fail("Undisposed lock");
        }
    }

    private Sentinel leakDetector;
#endif
}

public class LockTimeoutException : ApplicationException
{
    public LockTimeoutException () : base("Timeout waiting for lock")
    {
    }
}